The most characteristic feature of hypertension is the increase in stress.
Usually, when checking pulses, pressure that increases hypertension can be installed.When pulses on the radial artery are felt, solid pulses (p. Ulus) are determined due to increased internal pressure and reduced nucleicity of the arterial wall.However, due to the slight decrease in the lumen of the average caliber artery of hypertension, the filling of the pulse is small.In graphical recording of pulse oscillations (on Sphermogram), the pulse waves are low, round, with weightlifting and falling excitement (pulse tardus); the edible waves are inconspicuous.
Studying blood pressure by auscultation is still the best way to determine systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure simultaneously.With hypertension, all three values usually increase.The largest increase in Sistolia; diastolic phase increases to a smaller extent.
If we compare the percentage of systolic and diastolic blood pressure amplitude that increases hypertension, which is related to the average of the two pressures in the standard, the rise will be almost equal.Therefore, if we reach normal systolic blood pressure of 120 mm, diastolic blood pressure is -70 mm Hg.art, then at the blood pressure equals 160 mm Hg.Art.(Max) and 90 mm Hg.Art.(minimum value), the increase in specifications related to both values will be nearly the same (90, while 90, while 70 and 160 will be nearly the same compared to 120).With 180/100 mm Hg indicator.Art.At first glance, systolic seems to be increasing more than diastolic blood pressure (180 vs. 120 and 100 vs. 70); if you compare to the normal ratio, the percentage rises are almost equal.
Usually, in the early stages of hypertension (stage I), systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure increases (usually the first, the second).Perhaps it depends on the initial level before the disease (each individual).
Effects of ratio between diastolic and systolic blood pressure:
- The elasticity of the large artery wall,
- Socrates power of the heart.
It is well known that a decrease in arterial elasticity helps increase systolic blood pressure (found in the most obvious form, found in atherosclerosis of the central artery).
Using hypertension, elastic changes in the large container wall were observed, which was reflected in the increase in pulse pressure.Under the same conditions, when the heart begins to weaken, the amplitude decreases: the systolic blood pressure decreases and the diastolic blood pressure remains unchanged.
At the onset of the disease, a tendency to stress response has been observed.Measurements of arterial pressure indicate that in some patients, the level does not exceed the upper limit of the age norm but is obtained when measuring the size, while in others, the upper limit of the age norm is exceeded.The increased stress of hypertension - mental, emotional, reflex - was observed under the influence of various effects and was maintained at an increase level of minutes to several hours.
The first dimension is usually higher than the repeated measurements taken after 5-10-15 minutes (random pressure).The difference between random and basic pressure is represented by "extra pressure"; it is much more valuable to people with high blood pressure than healthy people.The primary stress obtained under the study conditions of the main exchange was considered the primary stress (i.e., in the morning after sleep on an empty stomach, in bed, in bed).After repeated measurements in a conventional environment, the minimum value of the indicator is referred to as "almost major pressure" by the condition.
"Extra stress" undoubtedly expresses the current level of mental (emotional) excitement or tension of the patient and the degree of his nerves, thereby adjusting the blood pressure of the device.Experience shows that the value of additional stress is often more important in the pre-static period of patients than in those who have not found a trend toward hypertension.
Comparing the extent of the effect exerted by certain neural effects, it should be noted that the clearest stimulus is the word.Therefore, it would not be exaggerated to say that the second signaling system has the maximum effect that affects the stress levels of hypertension and the stress levels of people who are stressed about it.
Samples that increase stress with hypertension
They attempt to determine the tendency to hypertension through reflex stimulation.In this regard, particular attention is paid to what SO calls cold samples.In the study after a short break, blood pressure was measured in the lying position and the brush of the other hand was immersed in a temperature of 4° for one minute; in immersion, then every 30 seconds, the level was measured until the lease.The increase in systolic pressure exceeded 20 mm Hg.Art, diastolic period exceeds 15 mm.Art.Used as an indicator of increased pressure boost reactivity.The face found to be called "overreactors", and they did not find "lowreactors".Among healthy people, the high responders were 15%.
Cold samples were evaluated contradictoryly.In the pressing effect, using this sample, the conditions for performing the sample play a big role.Under colder external temperature conditions, the cold response to warm people is lower than the same person due to the lower tone of the blood vessels.The reflex response to a cold depends on the usual temperature effects, on occupational and living conditions.As we all know, people are used to the temperature factor.For strong people, cold tests can be weak and can be strongly expressed in people who are sensitive to cold.
The cold sample is based on the reflex response of the vasomotor center, in response to sudden inducing surrounding heat (partial pain) stimulation.The stress response from taking alcohol, bromine and barbital can be reduced.
Sometimes, the answer to the cold sample is paradoxical: the pressure that does not occur increases, sometimes even decreases.
It is interesting to compare these data with the results of determining blood pressure after caloric effects.When heating hands in people with high blood pressure, it is usually not a decrease, but an increase in blood pressure (the hands that put in warm water will not blush, but will turn white).Therefore, cold and heat sometimes cause the same pressure shrinkage effect.
Temperature effects are hardly used as a method to assess the responsiveness of devices that regulate increased hypertension pressure, because they do not reflect the details of the disease that hypertension constitutes.Vascular samples using pharmacological agents are provided.One of them is a sample with trinitroglycerin.After taking 2 drops of triglyceride (under the tongue), the pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) is greatly reduced.In people with sharp increase in hypertension stress, the decrease is more obvious.In particular, it decreases significantly with instability in blood pressure; sometimes this reduction is observed with persistent hypertension.In the late stages of hypertension (as changes in the kidneys develop), the hypertension index of nitroglycerin tests decreases slightly and can be used to diagnose the kidney form (or stage) of hypertension.
The same results (inhibitor effect) were tested by inhalation of isodinitrate.Glycerol trinitrates act mainly through central vascular devices like dinitrates, thus characterizing the increased hypertensive excitability of these centers.
Sodium tests some diffusion.The person being studied was lying in bed, 3 times per hour, at 0.2 grams of sodium per hour.Arterial pressure is measured every half hour before the drug is prepared and half an hour after taking (within 3 hours).The difference between the initial level and the minimum level determines the value of the depression effect.Dreams usually happen after taking the second powder.Typically, a sodium course helps lower blood pressure not only in the first few hours, but also in the next few days, sometimes even days.The patient's wellhole improved.However, this effect is not always observed: Some patients are drug intolerant.
Unlike the nitrite test (when sodium is sodium or sodium causes a drastic drop in pressure), it gradually decreases.The degree of decrease in intake is particularly important at the beginning of the disease.In the later stage, in the event of changes in the arteriosclerosis of the kidneys, the reduction is usually small or absent.
Since the effect of barbiturate is undoubtedly central, the sodium test with Ammmal is characterized by instrumental regulation of pressure in the cortical and subcortical areas.When using various doses of drugs (sizes), the phase conditions of the vascular nerve center can be judged by arterial pressure (sometimes large and small doses will have the same effect, or small doses have a depressive effect, which is more obvious than large doses).
In addition to the samples based on inhibitor effects, there are many samples based on compression – as breathing stops, carbon dioxide is inhaled, and aniline is taken, but they do not negatively affect the patient’s condition, although they may not be less likely to determine the early and so-called pre-predictive pre-predictive states of hypertension.
After discovering a particular person's tendency to have short-term elevation in blood pressure, people should not immediately diagnose hypertension, or even inform him of the test.Under favorable environmental conditions, the immediate reaction can be fully passed.
Increased stress, depending on the stage of hypertension
The initial stage of pressure increases can only be periodically (transient phase).In neuropsychiatric terminology, the more patients are in the condition, the longer and more frequent, the increased hypertension pressure, and their shorter and less rare levels of normal levels of the period.It is very important to treat treatment measures and to comply with the system.Under the influence of the initial transient phase of hypertension and the initial transient phase of benign direction, the indicators usually drop to a long time.
The increasingly stubborn tendency to increase stress during hypertension and retain its pathological level, suggesting that further development of the disease has entered a second phase.During Phase A, Phase A, arterial pressure (unstable phase) is indicated.Its level will fluctuate greatly.Under the influence of static, it has not maintained this level for a long time, but has lowered it to near normal levels.However, under the influence of treatment, long-term reduction of indicators can be achieved.
During the day, hypertension and blood pressure may vary greatly.Morning is usually lower than at night.After eating, it increases slightly and then decreases significantly.During nighttime sleep, the decrease in hypertension is more obvious as it decreases in hypertension compared with healthy patients.
As the disease progresses, blood pressure is more firmly set at a high level (Phase B II stage, stable).Indeed, at this stage, a period of decrease is sometimes observed.Sometimes it is relieved under the influence of prolonged long-term treatment.However, this stage is usually different from stubbornness and high hypertension.At this stage, inhibitor tests demonstrate the functional properties of increased hypertensive stress.
In the third stage, blood pressure is usually resistant.Hypertension is supported by many factors, of which it is undoubtedly the involvement of the kidneys.However, as the brain decreases excitability at the center of the center, or under the influence of heart failure (the occurrence of soil where the contraction function of the hypertrophy of the heart occurs), be careful about the decrease in blood pressure.At the indicator level, heart failure does not reflect much.Sometimes, during this period (stagnation factor) can even increase.
As for the venous pressure in hypertension, it is usually proven to be within the normal range and only increases with heart failure.Indeed, some patients can also find that the value of venous pressure increases, even leading to the hypothesis of "venom center", and therefore the tone of the venous wall increases (however, we cannot judge the latter by the way in the blood, as intraoperative pressure is usually judged by the therapy in the blood).Blood pressure in capillaries is inaccessible to define.Usually in the nail bed, the stenosis of the arterial knee of the anterior fur and the swelling of the venous knee joints; typical variability of capillary pictures (the "game" among them).